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The most striking feature of the text, to a casual browser, is the inclusion of Chinese characters as well as quotations in European languages other than English. Recourse to scholarly commentaries is almost inevitable for a close reader. The range of allusion to historical events and other works of literature is very broad, and abrupt changes occur with the minimum of stage directions. This list serves as a collection of links to information on a wide range of these references with clear indications of the cantos in which they appear. It also gives relevant citations to Pound's other writings, especially his prose, and translations of non-English words and phrases where appropriate. Where authors are quoted or referred to, but not named, the reference is listed under their names and the quoted words or phrases are given after the relevant canto number. Individual canto numbers are given in bold for ease of reference. ==A== *Acoetes - Acoetes is the narrator of the tale from Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'' retold in Canto II. Acoetes is the pilot of the pirate ship that kidnaps a youngster who turns out to be the god Dionysus and who transforms the ship into a rock and the sailors into fish. Acoetes warns his fellows about the wrong they are doing, but they don't heed him, being "mad for a little slave money". *Abd al Melik - The first Caliph to strike Islamic coinage - Canto XCVII *John Adams - Second President of the United States; "the man who at certain points/made us/at certain points/saved us" (Canto LXII), and one of Pound's great political heroes. - Cantos XXXI - XXXIV, L - "the revolution was in the minds of the people" , LXII - LXXI * *Novanglus - Pen-name Adams used for essays written in 1775 to argue against the British Parliament's right to tax or legislate for the American colonies. Canto LXII *John Quincy Adams - Son of John Adams - Canto XLVIII *Charles Francis Adams - Son of John Quincy Adams - Canto XLVIII *Samuel Adams – Cousin of John Adams – ''Adams Cantos'' *Adonis - Canto XVIIL *Aegisthus - Canto XC *Aeschylus – Cantos II, VII: Puns on the name of Helen of Troy as "destroyer of men" ("Eliandros") and "destroyer of cities" ("Elanpolis") from his play ''Agamemnon'' used by Pound. In his 1920 essay ''Translators of Greek: Early Translators of Homer'', Pound criticises Robert Browning's translation of the passage containing these puns. – Canto LXXXII: Swinburn on. *Louis Agassiz – Naturalist. He is cited approvingly in Pound's ''ABC of Reading'' (1934) for his insistence that students should actually look closely at specimens before writing about them as exemplifying "the proper METHOD for studying...that is, careful first-hand examination of the matter, and continual COMPARISON". – Cantos LXXXIX, XCIII, C, CXIII *Olivia Rossetti Agresti - Cantos LXXVI, LXXVIII *Rodolphus Agricola – Canto LXXXIX: quoted on the roles of writing: "ut doceat, ut moveat, ut delectet" ("to teach, to move, to delight"). *Leon Battista Alberti - Architect and Renaissance theorist - Canto IX *Albigensian Crusade - Canto XXXIII *Alcmene - Mother of Hercules - Canto XC *Alexander the Great - Cantos LXXXV, LXXVI, CXIV: Enlightened rule exemplified by the fact that he paid his soldiers' debts. *Algazel – Canto XCIII *St. Ambrose – Canto LXXXVIII: Against monopolists, Canto C *Amphion - Canto LXXXIII: Mythical founder of music. - Canto XC *Anacreon - Canto LXXXIII: Fragment 7 quoted in German translation ("The women say to me 'you are old'") *John Penrose Angold - Poet and friend of Pound who died in World War II - Canto LXXXIV *''Annals of Spring and Autumn'' - Cantos LXXVIII, LXXXII ("there are no righteous wars" quoting Mencius) *Gabriele d'Annunzio - Italian poet - Canto XCIII *Meyer Anselm - Banker - Canto LXXIV *St. Anselm of Canterbury - 11th century philosopher and inventor of the ontological argument for the existence of God who wrote poems in rhymed prose. Appealed to Pound because of his emphasis on the role of reason in religion and his envisioning of the divine essence as light. In a 1962 interview, Pound points to Anselm's clash with William Rufus over his investiture as part of the history of the struggle for individual rights. Pound also claims that Anselm's writings influenced Cavalcanti and Villon. – Cantos CI, CV *Anti-Semitism - Cantos XXXV, XLVIII, L, LII, LXII, LXIII, LXXIV, XCI *Emperor Antoninus Pius - Canto LXXXVII: Law of the sea (Lex Rhodia), Canto LXXXVIII: Lending money at 4%, Cantos XCVII, XCVIII *Aphrodite ( also called ''Cythera'', ''Kuthera'' ''Kupris'' and ''Venus'') - Cantos I, LXXIV, LXXVI, LXXVII, LXXIX, LXXX, LXXXI, XC, XCI. * *Terracina – Seaside town between Rome and Naples which was formerly the location of a temple to Venus (or possibly Jupiter). In his 1930 essay ''Credo'', Pound wrote "Given the material means I would replace the statue of Venus on the cliffs of Terracina." – Cantos XXXIX, LXXIV, XCI. *Apollonius of Tyana – Philosopher and 'lost' alternative to Christianity. Pound was particularly taken with this dictum that ''the universe is alive''. – Cantos XCI, XCII, XCVII *Thomas Aquinas: Canto C *Anubis - Egyptian god of the dead - Canto XCII *Aristotle - Canto XCIV *Artemis - Canto CX *Athelstan – Early English king who helped introduce guilds in that country. – Canto XCVII *Saint Augustine - Canto XCIV *Avicenna – Canto XCII 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of cultural references in The Cantos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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